Exxon Valdez Oil Spill

​This is a info graphic to show what happened during the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill. We did a great amount of research and lots of reading to get keys facts. We then created the info graphic to portray our message and the facts. We told the story of this environmental crisis, and we hope you enjoy.


Annotated bibliography


The Valdez Oil Spill | ExxonMobil."
The Valdez Oil Spill | ExxonMobil. Exxonmobil, n.d. Web. 31 Mar. 2013. <http://www.exxonmobil.com/Corporate/about_issues_valdez.aspx>.


This source is from the “Exxon mobil” company it self. This source provides great explanations about what happened, and what they tried to do to fix the issue. It gives us exact dates and times as to when the crisis happened. I feel as though the purpose of this article is to include facts and great understanding about what the company did, and the things that had to be put in place to fix the problem they caused. The purpose of this article is to explain what happened, why the oil spill happened, and they things they did to make sure it doesn’t happen again.


This is a useful source because it provides knowledge of how the oil spill happened, not so much of who caused it, but what was then occured afterwards. Nonetheless, compared to other sources, this source does give me a better take on things because it’s from the company it self. This coruse is a primary source giving great detail. But companies do like to live out important facts, to make there selves look better than anythings. Looking at other sources I realized that they include other facts and important facts that Exxon Mobil company doesn’t about the situation.


This source is helpful because it answers the three questions I need in order to complete this project.. It helps me realize that companies dp make mistakes, but do they learn form them? For example, this source  is discussing  what happened the day of March 24, 1989. How the oil company Exxon Mobil Oil company had a spilled in the Alaska waters. The company admits that, and this source helps me realize it.



"Exxon Valdez | Emergency Management | US EPA." EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, n.d. Web. 31 Mar. 2013. <http://www.epa.gov/osweroe1/content/learning/exxon.htm>.


This source is from the “EPA” a company that cleans up and protects the US environment from companies that could possibly affect it. this source provides what caused the Exxon oil spill, and what the company did wrong. site gives great understanding about who and what the oil spill affected, and what harm it caused. This site gives 3 things that the company did in order to fix the oil spill, and how it helped and how it didn’t help. The purpose of the article is to explain what, why, and how the oil spill happened. The things the EPA and Exxon company did in order to help and fix it.


This is a useful source because it provides useful information about what happened. Dicussing all the things put in place to take care of the crisis. However, compared to other sources, this source seems to be more detailed about what was put in place in order to help the crisis. After refering to other websites I noticed that it focuses on what happened to the land, what exxon did, and how some cleans up worked and some didn’t. In the end the goal of this source is to provide great understanding about what the company did to fix it and how it all started. I want to know how the land was in danger.


This source helps me because it answers several of my questions and give me a



"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Facts." Oceana. N.p.. Web. 30 Mar 2013. <http://oceana.org/en/our-work/stop-ocean-pollution/oil-pollution/learn-act/exxon-valdez-oil-spill-facts>.

This source is from the site Oceana. This site looks at the ocean and how we are treating it. This article is used to give a brief explanation of what happened at the oil spill and facts about the spill. Most of the facts that are on the site are statistics about the spill and they are some of the more surprising facts.


This source is useful for its short and concise facts. These facts hold big information in a small package. For this project having important facts that are easy to read will help push our points forward without overwhelming the readers. Even though this site has a lot of facts it doesn't give detailed information on what happened and how people reacted to the spill. Further research would have to accompany this source.


Aside for the facts on the site it doesn't give any other information about the company or how people reacted. Having a site with just statistics about the oil spill will not answer all the questions needed for the projects. This source will still help but not all the way. In the project we can still use the facts from this site. They will add information that will show the quantity of the spill.


Cutler J. Cleveland (Lead Author);NOAA (Content Source);Peter Saundry (Topic Editor) "Exxon Valdez oil spill". In: Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland (Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment). [First published in the Encyclopedia of Earth June 9, 2010; Last revised Date February 20, 2013; Retrieved March 30, 2013 <http://www.eoearth.org/article/Exxon_Valdez_oil_spill?topic=58075>


This source is from the The Encyclopedia Of The Earth. Just as the title says this site has information on the Earth. This source has extensive information on this oil spill. The site has different sections to it addressing different topics. The have things like events leading up to the spill, short line treatment, and long term effects. This site shows a wide range of information on the oil spill.


This site is useful for it bountiful amount of information on the oil spill. going through this site and extracting the information will add more information to the project. Also from the range of information we can show how the spill affected different things and how bad it was.


With this large amount of information on the spill we will have a much better understanding of what was going on. Also we would see how people reacted to the spill and how it was handled. This directly goes with the project that we are doing. All the essential questions can be answered.


Created by, Sarena Shuman, Merrik Saunders.
Exxon Oil Spill

Nick Manton Throws No-Hitter; Rocket Rolls Over Freire 16-1

In some respects the game was over before the Rocket's high-powered offense even stepped to the plate. In their first official home game at their new field in Mt. Airy Park, their defense helped Nick Manton retire the first 3 batters he faced on a measly 8 pitches, hinting at what would develop into a dominating performance. 14 batters came to the plate in the bottom of the first for SLA and 10 crossed home, which confused the manual scorekeepers on the freshly-minted Science Leadership Academy Scoreboard. The best they could do was leave a 0 in the 1st frame and report the official score on the far side as they entered the 2nd inning. 

Manton's dominance continued as he struck out the next two batters he faced and got out of a jam as two reached base on errors. The Rocket was back at it again in the bottom of the 2nd when Stephen Eager-White turned the order over again with a screamer down the line to score one and move another Rocket to 3rd. Ethan Reese brought in two more by forcing a quick throw on an infield single that got past their First Basemen. Jeff Schwartz, who had already tripled and doubled in the first inning alone, put down a sacrifice bunt to move a runner but ended up reaching on a low throw. 

Freire finally stopped the bleeding and kept the game alive when their Shortstop turned a beautiful unassisted double play by grabbing a hot shot from Kevin Courtney, tagging Schwartz and shooting a laser to first in time to catch Kevin racing down the line. Nick took back the mound in the 3rd, struck out two more and also fielded the 3rd out to keep his "No-No" intact. 

Recognizing that Freire wasn't going to mount a comeback The Rocket took their foot off the gas and played the remainder of the game as respectfully as possible. Freire finally got on the board in the 4th after they reached base on a communication error in the infield. That baserunner successfully stole 2nd, moved to 3rd on a Balk (the only blemish on Manton's stellar performance on the mound), and eventually scored on a passed ball that skipped to the backstop. 

Jeff Schwartz, who finished the game 3-3 with 3RBI, 3Runs, and just shy of hitting for the Cycle, reached on a walk in his 4th plate appearance. Kevin Courtney followed with a solid shot that was hard to handle in right which scored Schwartz. Kevin ended up at third a pitch later and easily scored on Manton's single to center to ice the game. 

The 16-run Rocket attack was also fueled by Abe Musselman who went 3-3 and racked up 3RBIs in the 2 spot; Freshman Mike Ostrowski who reached base on all 3 plate appearances and ripped an RBI-double in the 1st; Mike Sanders who worked a walk and later scored on a single by Ethan Reese; and an RBI-single by the Rocket's Big Man Raekwon Smith. While Freire's defense consistently stopped themselves from making it a competitive game, SLA's attack was a fine balance of power-hitting and small-ball efficiency. Nick Manton, who earned his 2nd win of the season for SLA had a final line of 4IP, 0ER, 0H, 7K, 0BB, producing the 2nd unconventional "No-Hitter" in team history. 

SLA looks to ride this energizing wave into a 3-game road trip next week against University City (Mon, 4/8), Lamberton (Wed, 4/10) and Sankofa Freedom Academy (Fri, 4/12). Shortly after the game ended, Varsity got word that their J.V. counterpart also had their way with a 12-4 road win over Mastbaum. Diamond Blenman pitched lights out for the second straight game, Jordan McLaughlin hit a triple and also struck out every batter he faced in relief. J.V. has their Home Opener at Mt. Airy Park against Olney on Tues, 4/9. 

Rockets on 3, 1…2…3, ROCKETS!!!

Pacific Garbage Patch

​Deshawn Mcleod, Taylor Veasley, Ananda Knight

This infographic is about the Pacific Garbage Patch. We wanted to provide facts and illustrations to get our information across to viewers . We used lots of picture to show the effects on Animals and humans from the pacific garbage patch. Our main goal was to get the point across about how important the Pacific Garbage Patch is and how bad it effects the environment. We want to make more people aware and realize that this needs to be cleaned up and people should not litter. 

Annotated Bibliography 

DeShawn’s Sources:


"Great Pacific Garbage Patch." National Geographic. n. page. Web. 29 Mar. 2013. <http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/great-pacific-garbage-patch/?ar_a=1>.



  • This explains how the patch starting through environmental means. It shows how the patch started and what its effects are. The article is about how it started, where it came from, and where it goes and how.


  • The National Geographic is a well known, notable, effective source that has been putting environmental information out for a while. Their goal is to just report unbiased news.


  • It gives the barebones of what happens and it elaborates on that, but I’d use that to further my research.



Kostigen, Thomas. "The World's Largest Dump: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch." Discover Magazine. n. page. Web. 29 Mar. 2013. <http://discovermagazine.com/2008/jul/10-the-worlds-largest-dump


  • This is a person’s opinion on the garbage patch and how it effects their life. It’s basically a biased article because it’s a person’s opinion. But it shows how the patch effects human and marine life.


  • This is a part of the discovery magazine, so their information has to be true or at least legit.


Ananda’s Sources


"Lies You've Been Told About the Pacific Garbage Patch." io9 - We come from the future.. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Apr. 2013. <http://io9.com/5911969/lies-youve-been-told-about-the-pacific-garbage-patch>.


-This source is about The Pacific Garbage Patch and the different interpretations people had from it and about it. When the Pacific Garbage Patch came about many myths as well as facts. This is an very good site because it provides examples of different myths that came up when people talked about the Pacific Garbage Patch, these were all common misconceptions.

The Site gives examples and tells why people thought these things and how they were wrong. This site is organized very well and provides pictures and very straight to the point descriptions. Everything makes since so I feel I can trust the site to get information from it.

At the bottom there is a space provided for people to make comments and it is interesting to see what others have to say. This site is very easy to use and I would recommend it to others trying to


Cooney, Katherine. "The Great Pacific Garbage Patch Poses New Threat to Marine Life | TIME.com." NewsFeed | Breaking news and updates from Time.com. News pictures, video, Twitter trends. | TIME.com. N.p., n..  d. Web. 1 Apr. 2013<http://newsfeed.time.com/2012/05/11/the-great-pacific-garbage-patch-poses-new-threat-to-marine-life/>


- This site provides readers with the who, when, where and why to the Pacific Garbage Patch. It is very credible because it is from The Times News Feed. This is a good site because it has really good descriptions and helps you to visualize the Pacific Garbage Patch if you dont already know about it. Readers are able to learn something new within every sentence .


"How the oceans can clean themselves: Boyan Slat at TEDxDelft - YouTube."YouTube. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Apr. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=ROW9F-c0kIQ>.


This is Ted Talk about the Pacific Garbage Patch. This video was very useful because the person offered us a lot of facts. It was also very hard to find someone who cared about the Pacific Garbage Patch so this was very interesting. It is very credible because it is a TED talk and I know that they only let reliable people speak on topics. The video was very interesting and easy to understand. We were able to pull out at least 5 facts from this video.




Taylor Veasley

"De-mystifying the "Great Pacific Garbage Patch"" Marine Debris Program. N.p., 19 July 2012. Web. 01 Apr. 2013. <http://marinedebris.noaa.gov/info/patch.html>


- This site is a good source because it gives a wonderful description of the Pacific Garbage Patch. The cover the very basics, they give you the very definition of the Pacific Garbage Patch and then they talk about even where they are located. The website really goes into depth with the explanations and the entire article is very easy to understand.




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Alejandro Cunningham

Pedro es de quince años. Vive con sus abuelos en philadelphia. Cuando tenía cinco años, sus padres murieron en un accidente de coche. fue devastado. Ello todos los días.Comenzó a actuar mal. Screen Shot 2013-04-05 at 1.48.42 PM


Pedro e

ra pobre. Un día

, Pedro estaba con sus amigos. le dijeron que él podría hacer dinero fácil. Estaba confuso. dijeron que venden drogas. Que fue un error. lo hizo de todos modos.

Screen Shot 2013-04-05 at 1.49.31 PM




Pedro acostumbré a él. Que estaba haciendo dinero. Que no le importaba. la vida era buena. se encontraba en la parte superior.



Screen Shot 2013-04-05 at 1.50.16 PM

un día estaba en la esquina. un hombre quiere comprar de él. en realidad era un policía. pedro fue detenido. las cosas estaban mal.


Screen Shot 2013-04-05 at 1.50.46 PM



llegó a la cárcel. para una semana. su abuelo lo rescató. Su abuelo estaba decepcionado.

él no habló con él.

Screen Shot 2013-04-05 at 1.52.22 PM



Pedro era triste.  tenía lamentar. él no quería hacerlo. que quería un futuro. venta de drogas detenido.

Screen Shot 2013-04-05 at 1.52.41 PM







que un día iba a la tienda. sus amigos estaba allí. d

ijeron

hola a él. le pidió que fuera a una fiesta. pedro pensado en ello. él dijo que sí.



Screen Shot 2013-04-05 at 1.53.02 PM





por la noche, se vistió. él fue a la fiesta. primero, fue muy divertido. luego se puso malo. que empezó a vender drogas. que se lo pidió. el dijo que no. el se fue.




Screen Shot 2013-04-05 at 1.54.10 PM



Screen Shot 2013-04-05 at 1.54.10 PM
Screen Shot 2013-04-05 at 1.54.10 PM

Jamie, Tyikenyua, Zaria's Picher Lead Contamination Project

This is a creative project based on the information of the Picher Lead Contamination and the effects on had on the town.





Infographic:
​https://s3.amazonaws.com/easel.ly/all_easels/109425/history3Bm/image.jpg


Annotations:
https://docs.google.com/a/scienceleadership.org/document/d/1tZ91MDDRWpcva9Ovg7fH58M5EMiP0UPgTlYLuCWZ-ec/edit

British Petroleum Oil Spill - Ellen & Jhonas

FINAL BP OIL SPILL


About the Oil Spill: 

The Deep Horizon Oil rig was a platform designed to extract oil from deep sea regions at 35,000 feet. On April 20, 2010, the wellhead head blew out extracting 70,000 barrels of crude oil a  day from the well. The immediate consequence of the blowout was the death of 11 BP workers in which BP was later convicted of manslaughter in a case that also brought regulation, heavy fines and clean up cost.


Each institution both public and private reacted differently to the BP oil spill. Public institutions created more regulations to make sure that a disasters like this wouldn't happen again. For example cement that was test by BP to be bad cement was put on the well to cap and it failed and made the situation worse. In addition to that the federal government made BP pay $1.5 billion in penalties for failing to regulate themselves and were forced to pay for the losses of damaged communities. The EPA was in charge of cleaning up the oil spill, maintain wildlife, and continue constant environmental testing until everything was self sustaining.


Private institutions like BP have used the is opportunity to boost their image. For example BP committed $4 billion over the next 10 years to help suffering communities and wildlife. Than they create ads to make them look better there for creating a better image for the company but while helping the community and the environment via monetary policy.


Infographic Design Tips:

  1. Be concise: We will talk about on topic and keep it short and simple with appropriately sized words.

  2. Be visual: We will have pictures and charts to portray the amount of money used throughout the whole environmental disaster.

  3. Be smarter: We will be smart about presenting our information and make sure that we have every key component in our presentation.

  4. Be transparent: We will present our information and be very brief because we do not want to confuse our viewers. We want to get the project on a flow and show viewers that this topic is very straightforward.

  5. Be different: I are making a money timeline that will take the viewers on a growing bard of money that has been spent and state why it is important to emphasize this.

  6. Be accurate: We have collected a lot of information from different sources: videos, websites, newspapers, etc.

  7. Be attractive: We will be short and concise with our presentation and will not show anything that is not needed or relevant.

  8. Be varied: We will have a wide variety of how the company and the govern has spent money on the environmental disaster.

  9. Be gracious: We will keep the presentation very formal and easy to understand with many pictures to bring the viewer on a virtual tour.

  10. Be creative: We are going to include many pictures so the viewers can visually experience the oil spill’s impact on the environment. Money timeline...not seen very often.

Annotated Bibliography:

Richard, Michael. "BP Gulf Oil Spill Cheat Sheet: A Timeline of Unfortunate Events."TreeHugger. MNN HOLDINGS,

05 May 2010. Web. 01 Apr. 2013.

<http://www.treehugger.com/corporate-responsibility/bp-gulf-oil-spill-cheat-sheet-a-timeline-of-unfortunate-events.html>.


In this source, the writer talks about how the BP Oil Spill occurred and the different hazards that it offered to the Gulf of Mexico. The writer goes on to tell the the story through different articles and showed how the public reacted to the oil spill and how BP tried to calm the situation down by assuming the role of an environmentally friendly company.


The writer did this in a time line format which was very helpful because everything was in order and well kept. This source also provided a lot of environmental detail in the different writings about the many events that happened during the mishap. The objective of this source was to show the readers the huge environmental impact that BP tried to play off.


This information fits into the research because it shows the different goals to fix the environment and that not all of the solutions worked out correctly. This also has a good view of both the governmental reaction and the public’s reaction to the situation.


Bp Gulf Oil Spill. Huffington Post, n.d. Web. 1 Apr. 2013.

<http://www.huffingtonpost.com/news/bp-gulf-oil-spill>.


These sources show the governmental and funding impact to fix up the BP Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico. The point of this article is to show the economic reaction and recovery of the spill where as other sources would have compared the reactions of other topics. This source also showed the changes for how BP approached the recovery of the animals and waters that the oil was in.


This was a useful source because I saw that there was a huge change in how the company operated and how the everything was all about keeping the face of the company positive. This was a reliable source because it is from a well known newspaper publisher and there are many contributing authors.


This source helped tell the story of the disaster because it shows how far a company will go to kee the face of the company and how far they will go with fixing everything.


United States. The White House. Washington DC: , 2013. Web

<http://m.whitehouse.gov/deepwater-bp-oil-spill>.



This mainly showed the government response to the the oil spill and how they will supposedly “fix the situation.” There response includes lots of money being poured in from the federal government to the state and local governments. It also included some investigations into the causes of the disaster and the repercussions of the disaster. It also included details of the rescue of the workers on the oil rig by the US Coast Guard in which 126 people were saved.


This source was useful because it described responses by the government during and after the disaster. It also describes what each agency or a branch from a certain agency had did specifically to contain the spill and help the people who lived in the gulf area.


The information fits the research because it describes different responses by different section s of the federal government during and after the oil spill. 


British Petroleum, . "Gulf of Mexico Restoration." (2013):

<
http://www.bp.com/sectionbodycopy.do?categoryId=47&contentId=7081352>.

This source shows BP’s response to the oil spill after they capped the well. They say they’re committed to helping the communities hurt by the oil spill and will give $4 billion to the next ten years. They also have a couple billion dollars set aside for claims by people who have damaged property, harsh living conditions, etc. They’re also doing research into the environmental impact and have done an internal investigation in which they’ve added 26 preventative measures to make sure a disaster like this doesn't happen again.


This source was useful because it depicts what the company is doing to try to fix the situation and make sure it won’t happen again. It’s also good to see what BP is doing to try to restructure their image as a company since they’re responsible for one of the worst disasters in history.


The information fits the research since it describes what the company is doing in response to the disaster.


Exxon Valdez Oil Spill by: Goldie Robins, Cameron Klales and Maria Latorre

C:

Burton, LeVar, perf. Jack, the Seal and the Sea. Film. 22 Mar 2013.

<http://www.ket.org/tvschedules/episode.php?nola=RERA 000702>.

This episode of reading rainbow argues that the oil spill is a result of human irresponsibility. This is an episode of the popular kid’s show reading rainbow. This source tells us something about how the public reacted to the oil spill. It also has a lot of content about how our culture reacted to the oil spill.


Barley, Shanter. "Exxon Valdez Laid to Rest." Scientific American. Scientific American. Web. 22

Mar 2013.<http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=exxon-valdez-laid-to-rest>.

This article makes the argument that the oil spill is over, and all of the damage has been repaired. This article talks about some of the data from the oil spill when it started and the data now. It summarizes how we deal with things like this as a society


M:

"Office of Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (EVOS) Damage Assessment and Restoration." NOAA

Fisheries. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Fisheries Service is an agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce. Web. 22 Mar 2013. <http://alaskafisheries.noaa.gov/oil/default.htm>.

This website is separated by environmental, economic, how it happens and how they are fixing it. The first paragraphs is a short summary of what happen, when it occurred, how much oil spilled and how far it want. They also talk about how now there isn’t much left, but that there is still spots that is still being affected by the curle oil.


"Oil Spill Facts." Exxon Valdez oil spill. Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council. Web. 22 Mar

2013. <http://www.evostc.state.ak.us/facts/index.cfm>.

This weblink has nine different links that takes you to either to see photos, Q and A, a map to where it took place at and so on. It had dip information of what really happen “The Exxon Valdez departed from the Trans Alaska Pipeline terminal at 9:12 pm March 23, 1989. William Murphy, an expert ship's pilot hired to maneuver the 986-foot vessel through the Valdez Narrows, was in control of the wheelhouse. At his side was the captain of the vessel, Joe Hazelwood. Helmsman Harry Claar was steering.”. It also has information of how much oil was spilled. It has pictures that show what was affected by the oil spill, how the ocean looked like and the animals covered in the curle oil. A big article that explains the details of the spill. They also have the plan that they had to how to prevent another spill and what they did to recover from this.


G:


"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (1989)." News. New York Times, 3 Aug. 2010. Web. 29 Mar. 2013.

<http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/e/exxon_valdez_oil_spill_1989/index.html>.

In this article it talks about the basics of the Oil Spill. What it was called, when it occurred, where it was located, and the background information and knowledge needed to be informed of this Valdez Oil Spill. It talks about at the time of the occurrence that it was the worst spill that happened in America during that time. There were so many birds and marine animals that were killed over the 1300 miles the spill has affected. Since the spill had expanded to 1300 miles, it really damaged the fish industry of sorts. The government has really put a lot of money to the process of repair. The Federal Court was still giving money in 2006, when they reduced the amount given, then later reduced it more. There has been way too much money given for repair and recovery. Although this accident was extremely bad, it help create GOOD organizations about the earth and the environment and really make more people aware from then to now. This article is really information of the different things that came out of the horrific oil spill whether good or bad and what came upon it.



Times, Richard Mauer, Special To The New York. "Unlicensed Mate Was in Charge Of Ship That Hit Reef, Exxon Says." The New York Times. The New York Times, 27 Mar. 1989. Web. 29 Mar. 2013. <http://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/27/us/unlicensed-mate-was-in-charge-of-ship-that-hit-reef-exxon-says.html?ref=exxonvaldezoilspill1989>.


In this article it explains more in depth of what happened the day, and really moment of this tragedy. It talks about that the person in charge, was not originally suppose to be in charge. Whether it would have mattered or not we will never know. The oil spill could have happened either way, it was just one’s man luck or another. The person who happened to be there was not licensed by the Coast Guard to pilot a tanker, which means he is being charged with Federal regulations.



Citation:

"Arctic animals need your help by March 30!." the wilderness society. 1615 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20036 . Web. 5 Apr 2013. <http://wilderness.org/blog/arctic-animals-need-your-help-march-30>.


Bluestein, Greg. "Gulf oil spill now bigger than Exxon Valdez disaster." . © The Christian Science Monitor., 27 may 2010. Web. 5 Apr 2013. <http://www.csmonitor.com/From-the-news-wires/2010/0527/Gulf-oil-spill-now-bigger-than-Exxon-Valdez-disaster>.


"Exxon Valdez 20 years on - Still killing wildife." . wildlife extra. Web. 5 Apr 2013. <http://www.wildlifeextra.com/go/news/exxon-valdez.html


koo, Zena. "The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill." Slate. 2010 Washington Post.Newsweek Interactive Co. LLC. Web. 5 Apr 2013. <http://todayspictures.slate.com/20100324/>.


History BM Q3